The POI data schema defines the record structure for the two location data classes used by the co-location intelligence platform: retail chain locations ingested from OpenStreetMap, and institutional anchor locations ingested from the Overture Maps Foundation. Both classes are normalised into a unified flat-file JSONL schema before cluster analysis. No proprietary data purchase is required; all records are derived from publicly licensed sources and are version-controllable in the same ledger as the rest of the platform. The schema has been in production since the initial platform build in 2026.

Record types

The platform operates two record classes within its location data layer.

Service-business records represent individual retail chain locations: hardware stores, warehouse clubs, hypermarkets, and food anchors. Each record is identified by a chain_id key that links it to a chain configuration file, and by a brand_wikidata field holding the Wikidata QID for the retail brand. The Wikidata QID is the most reliable cross-source chain identifier because it is brand-level rather than name-level — two stores spelled differently but sharing the same QID belong to the same chain.

Service-places records represent institutional anchors: hospitals, universities, and airports. These are ingested from Overture Maps using the taxonomy.primary category field, which replaced the deprecated categories.primary field in the Overture 2025-11 release. Service-places records use a category_id key (hospital, university, airport) in place of chain_id.

Core fields

Both record classes share the following fields:

Chain identification and the Wikidata QID

The brand_wikidata field holds the Wikidata QID for the retail brand. Wikidata QIDs are persistent, language-independent, and maintained by a global community — making them the preferred chain identifier across commercial and open POI datasets.

The OpenStreetMap community tags retail locations with brand:wikidata=<QID>, and the ingest pipeline uses this tag as its primary query filter. A location tagged with the correct QID will be captured regardless of local name spelling variations.

The Overture Maps Foundation exposes brand identity via the brand.wikidata field in its Places schema. The platform extracts this field at ingest for service-places records.

Overture taxonomy schema

Overture Maps deprecated the categories struct in November 2025 and removed it in the June 2026 release. The replacement is the taxonomy struct, which exposes:

• taxonomy.primary — the primary category identifier (equivalent to the old categories.primary)
• taxonomy.alternate — an array of secondary category associations with optional attribute structs

Category identifiers are unchanged across this migration. Queries that previously read categories.primary = 'hospital' become taxonomy.primary = 'hospital' without any change to the filter values.

Spatial deduplication

OSM data for large-format retailers sometimes includes both node and way elements for the same physical location — the building footprint as a way, and the entrance as a node. The pipeline deduplicates records within a 100-metre spatial cluster per chain, retaining the record with the most complete address fields.

A second deduplication pass runs at 25 metres across different chain_id values sharing the same brand_wikidata QID. This identifies sub-format or co-branded stores — a fuel station sharing the parent retailer's QID, for example — which are candidates for the parent-child sub-location model described below.

Parent-child sub-location model

Large-format retailers frequently operate ancillary services at the same address: pharmacies, fuel stations, optical centres, and garden centres. In raw OSM data these appear as separate POI elements, each with a distinct name and sometimes a distinct chain_id.

The intended model (pending operator approval) treats the primary store as the parent location and collapses ancillary services into a sub_entities list within the parent record. On the map, one bubble represents the parent; the detail panel lists sub-services. This follows an industry-standard parent-child POI pattern in which the parent record holds the canonical address and coordinates, and sub-entities share that anchor while carrying their own service classification.

The Placekey standard — a globally unique location identifier with a What@Where structure — expresses this relationship via a shared Where component: two POIs at the same address share their Where suffix (the geocell), while their What prefix (the brand hash) differs. Placekey integration is intended as the primary mechanism for identifying co-located sub-businesses in a future pipeline update [ni-51-102].

Address completeness

Address coverage in the current dataset varies by country. OSM coverage of addr:housenumber and addr:street is strong in Western Europe and Canada, moderate in the United States, and sparse in some Nordic and Southern European markets.

A planned enhancement will spatial-join POI records against the Overture Addresses theme (≤15 metre radius) to back-fill missing street-level addresses. The Overture Addresses theme provides structured address records for over two billion global addresses derived from authoritative national registries [ni-51-102].

Data update cadence

Service-business records are re-ingested per chain on demand — typically when a new chain is added to the configuration or when quarterly coverage audits flag anomalies. Service-places records are re-ingested against new Overture quarterly releases; the Overture S3 path in the ingest script must be updated to reference each new release.

See also

• location-intelligence-platform — platform overview, Named-Anchor Model, and V2 scoring tiers
• location-intelligence-substrate — flat-file GIS architecture and storage layer
• app-orchestration-gis — GIS service application that operates the ingest pipeline